CRA-13.9.1
Past version: Effective from 01 Apr 2019 to 31 Mar 2023
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A person who engages or encourages others to engage in market manipulation by his acts of commission or omission will be liable for financial penalties and/or other enforcement actions, irrespective of the methods used for market manipulation or the objective of such manipulative market behaviour or conduct. Methods of market abuse and market manipulation may include but not be limited to the methods as mentioned below:
1) Abuse of Information:
(a) Insider Dealing
i. Front running
ii. Tail gating
iii. Spreading false information to purchase at bargain prices
(b) Misuse of Information
i. Pump and Dump
ii. Trash and Crash
iii. Influencing market price without controlling the available supply or demand
iv. Boiler room sales
v. Cyber smear
vi. Scalping
vii. False market
viii. Short and Distort (Bear Raid)
ix. Long and Distort
2) Market Manipulation:
(a) Manipulating Transactions
i. Painting the tape
ii. Wash sales
iii. Improper matched orders
iv. Marking the close
v. Cornering the market
vi. Abusive squeeze
vii. Capping and Pegging
viii. Pooling and churning
ix. Interpositioning
x. Ghosting
xi. Bucketing
(b) Manipulating Devices:
i. Advancing the bid
ii. Placing order without intention to execute
iii. Excessive bid-ask spread
(c) Misleading Behaviour and Distortion
i. Short and extort
ii. Spoofing
iii. Overtrading
Added: April 2019