Introduction
CA-3.8.1
This section sets out the minimum capital adequacy requirement to cover the credit risk and market risk arising from the holding of Sukuk.
Apr 08CA-3.8.2
This section is applicable only to Sukuk or certificates that represent the holder's proportionate ownership in an undivided part of an underlying asset where the holder assumes all rights and obligations to such asset. This section does not cover certificates that give the holders the entitlement to receive returns on an asset of which the ownership is not transferred to the Sukuk holders.
Apr 08CA-3.8.3
Sukuk can be broadly categorised into:
(a) Asset-based Sukuk, where the underlying assets offer fairly predictable returns to the Sukuk holders, such as in the case of Salam, Istisna'a and Ijarah (Note: the assets in question may be held by a Musharakah or Mudarabah which is securitised. This is not the same as the Musharakah or Mudarabah Sukuk mentioned below).(b) Equity-based Sukuk, where the returns are determined on a profit and loss sharing in the underlying investment which does not offer fairly predictable returns (e.g. Musharakah or Mudarabah for trading purposes).Amended: April 2011
April 2008CA-3.8.4
CBB has the discretion to specify measurement approaches as it thinks appropriate for other types of Sukuk which are not listed in this section, provided they are approved by a Sharia board.
Apr 08Salam Sukuk
CA-3.8.5
A Salam Sukuk represents fractional ownership of the capital of a Salam transaction, where the Salam capital is constituted by an advance payment to a counterparty as supplier of a commodity (the subject-matter) to be delivered at a future date. This type of Sukuk is non-tradable, since the subject-matter is considered to be a financial asset (a receivable). The gross return to the Sukuk holders consists of the margin or spread between the purchase price of the subject-matter and its selling price following delivery. In certain Sukuk issues, a third party gives an undertaking that the subject-matter will be sold at a price exceeding the purchase price by a specified margin. This may be achieved by means of a parallel Salam transaction in which a third party purchases the subject-matter for delivery on the same delivery date as in the original Salam contract.
Apr 08Istisna'a Sukuk
CA-3.8.6
An Istisna'a Sukuk represents a fractional share in the project financing of an undertaking to manufacture or construct an asset for a customer at a price to be paid in future instalments, the total of which equals the total face value of the Sukuk, in addition to mark-up. The Sukuk can be in the form of serial notes or certificates with different maturity dates that match the progress schedule of instalments as agreed between the buyer/customer of the asset and the manufacturer/bank. Istisna'a Sukuk are tradable as the subject-matter is considered to be a non-financial asset (work-in-process inventory).
Apr 08Ijarah Sukuk
CA-3.8.7
An Ijarah Sukuk represents the holder's proportionate ownership in a leased asset where the Sukuk holders will collectively assume the rights and obligations of the lessor. The Sukuk holder will enjoy a share of the lease rental in proportionate to the ownership share in the leased asset. An Ijarah Sukuk is tradable from the issuance date as the subject-matter is a non-financial asset owned by the Sukuk holders. As a part-owner, the Ijarah Sukuk holder assumes a proportionate share of any loss if the leased asset is destroyed or of the cost of meeting the obligation to provide an alternative asset, failing which, the lessee can terminate the lease without paying future rentals.
Apr 08Musharakah Sukuk
CA-3.8.8
A Musharakah Sukuk represents the direct pro-rata ownership of the holder in the assets of a private commercial enterprise or project where the subscription money is normally employed in purchasing non-liquid assets or such as real estate or moveable assets. A Musharakah Sukuk is a profit and loss sharing instrument where the exposure is of the nature of an equity position in the banking book, except in the case of investments (normally short-term) in assets for trading purposes. A Musharakah certificate can be tradable provided that non-cash and receivable assets are not less than 30% of market capitalisation.
Apr 08Mudarabah (Muqaradah) Sukuk
CA-3.8.9
Sukuk holders subscribe to the certificates issued by a Mudarib and share the profit and bear any losses arising from the Mudarabah operations. The returns to the holders are dependent on the revenue generated by the underlying investment. The rule regarding tradability of the certificates is the same as for Musharakah certificates.
Apr 08
