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  • CA-2.2 CA-2.2 Definition of capital

    • Tier 1: Core capital

      • CA-2.2.1

        Tier 1 capital shall consist of the sum of items (a) to (c) below, less the sum of items (d) to (e) below:

        (a) Permanent shareholders' equity (including issued and fully paid ordinary shares / common stock and perpetual non-cumulative preference shares, but excluding cumulative preference shares);
        (b) Disclosed reserves, which are audited and approved by the shareholders, in the form of legal, general and other reserves created by appropriations of retained earnings, share premiums, capital redemption reserves and other surplus but excluding revaluation reserves; and
        (c) Minority interests, arising on consolidation, in the equity of subsidiaries which are less than wholly owned.

        LESS:
        (d) Goodwill; and
        (e) Current year's cumulative net losses which have been reviewed or audited as per the International Standards on Auditing (ISA) by the external auditors.

    • Tier 2: Supplementary capital

      • CA-2.2.2

        Tier 2 capital shall consist of the following items:

        (a) Interim retained profits which have been reviewed as per the ISA by the external auditors;
        (b) Asset revaluation reserves, which arise in two ways. Firstly, these reserves can arise from the revaluation of fixed assets from time to time in line with the change in market values, and are reflected on the face of the balance sheet as a revaluation reserve. Secondly, hidden values or "latent' revaluation reserves may be present as a result of long-term holdings of equity securities valued in the balance sheet at the historical cost of acquisition. Both types of revaluation reserve may be included in tier 2 capital, with the concurrence of the external auditors, provided that the assets are prudently valued, fully reflecting the possibility of price fluctuation and forced sale. In the case of "latent" revaluation reserves, a discount of 55% will be applied to the difference between the historical cost book value and the market value to reflect the potential volatility of this form of unrealised capital.
        (c) General provisions held against future, presently unidentified losses which are freely available to meet losses which subsequently materialise and, therefore, qualify for inclusion within supplementary elements of capital, subject to a maximum of 1.25% of total risk-weighted assets (both credit and market risk-weighted assets). Provisions ascribed to impairment of particular assets or known liabilities should be excluded.
        (d) Hybrid instruments, which include a range of instruments which combine characteristics of equity capital and of debt, and which meet the following requirements:
        •  They are unsecured, subordinated and fully paid-up;
        •  They are not redeemable at the initiative of the holder or without the prior consent of the Agency;
        •  They are available to participate in losses without the bank being obliged to cease trading (unlike conventional subordinated debt); and
        •  Although the capital instrument may carry an obligation to pay interest that cannot permanently be reduced or waived (unlike dividends on ordinary shareholders' equity), it should allow service obligations to be deferred (as with cumulative preference shares) where the profitability of the bank would not support payment.
        Cumulative preference shares, having the above characteristics, would be eligible for inclusion in tier 2 capital. Debt capital instruments which do not meet the above criteria may be eligible for inclusion in item (e) below.
        (e) Subordinated term debt, which comprises all conventional unsecured borrowing subordinated (in respect of both interest and principal) to all other liabilities of the bank except the share capital and limited life redeemable preference shares. To be eligible for inclusion in tier 2 capital, subordinated debt capital instruments should have a minimum original fixed term to maturity of over five years. During the last five years to maturity, a cumulative discount (or amortisation) factor of 20% per year will be applied to reflect the diminishing value of these instruments as a continuing source of strength. Unlike instruments included in item (d) above, these instruments are not normally available to participate in the losses of a bank which continues trading. For this reason, these instruments will be limited to a maximum of 50% of tier 1 capital.
        (f) 45% of unrealised gains on equity securities held as available-for-sale (on an aggregate net-basis).

    • Deduction from tiers 1 and 2 capital

      • CA-2.2.3

        The following item shall be deducted from tiers 1 and 2 capital on a pro-rata basis:

        —Investments in and lending of a capital nature to unconsolidated subsidiaries engaged in banking and financial activities. The assets representing the investments in subsidiary companies whose capital is deducted from that of the parent would not be included in total assets for the purpose of computing the capital ratio.

    • Tier 3: Trading book ancillary capital

      • CA-2.2.4

        Tier 3 capital will consist of short-term subordinated debt which, if circumstances demand, needs to be capable of becoming part of the bank's permanent capital and thus be available to absorb losses in the event of insolvency. It must, therefore, at a minimum meet the following conditions:

        (a) Be unsecured, subordinated and fully paid up;
        (b) Have an original maturity of at least two years;
        (c) Not be repayable before the agreed repayment date; and
        (d) Be subject to a lock-in clause which stipulates that neither interest nor principal may be paid (even at maturity) if such payment means that the bank falls below or remains below its minimum capital requirement.