The al wakala model operates somewhat differently. The takaful participants pay contributions to the takaful fund. However these contributions include the payment of fees and charges due to the operator together with a donation to the community (takaful) fund. All risks are borne by the fund and the annual operating surplus belongs exclusively to the participants. The takaful operator does not share directly in either the risk borne by the fund or any surplus/deficit of the fund. Instead, the operator receives a set fee for managing the operations on the participants' behalf. It should however be noted that the operator's remuneration may (depending on the terms of the contract) include a performance fee, charged against any surplus, as an incentive to effectively manage the takaful fund. Under the al wakala model the operator can only make a profit by ensuring expenses of managing the operations are less than the fees. Those costs and charges that can be charged to the takaful fund must be provided at the lowest possible cost level that the operator can negotiate.