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  • PD-1.3 PD-1.3 Disclosures in the Annual Report for Bahraini Conventional Banks

    • Introduction

      • PD-1.3.1

        Banks (referred to under Paragraph PD-1.2.6 — hereafter referred to as "banks") should provide timely information which facilitates market participants' assessment of them. The disclosure requirements set out in this Section must be included in the Annual Report either as an Appendix or in the Notes to the Audited Financial Statements at the discretion of the concerned bank. The disclosures should be addressed in clear terms and with appropriate details to help achieve a satisfactory level of bank transparency.

        Amended: July 2017
        April 2008

      • PD-1.3.2

        The disclosure requirements listed in Paragraphs PD-1.3.4 to PD-1.3.35 below follow the requirements of Basel II Pillar 3 and are in addition to, or in some cases serve to clarify, the disclosure requirements of IFRS.

        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

      • PD-1.3.3

        If a bank is not able to achieve full compliance with the requirements stated in this Chapter, a meeting should be held with the relevant Banking Supervision Director at the CBB in the presence of the concerned external auditor to discuss the reasons for such non-compliance prior to the finalisation of the annual report. It is the responsibility of the bank to call for such meetings.

        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

    • Scope of Application — Qualitative Disclosures

      • PD-1.3.4

        The following information must be disclosed in relation to the parent bank (in Bahrain) and its banking and financial institution subsidiaries:

        (a) The full legal name of the top corporate entity in the group to which the disclosure requirements apply;
        (b) [This Paragraph has been deleted and replaced with Paragraph PD-1.3.12]; and
        (c) Any restrictions on the transfer of funds or regulatory capital within the group (e.g. large exposure or exchange control regulations or covenants over the repayment of capital or the payment of dividends).
        Amended: July 2015
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

      • Scope of Application — Quantitative Disclosures

        • PD-1.3.5

          The aggregate amounts (current book value) of the bank's total interests in insurance entities, which are risk-weighted rather than deducted from capital, as well as their name, their country of incorporation or residence, and the proportion of voting power in these entities must be disclosed (in relation to the parent bank). In addition, banks must disclose the quantitative impact on regulatory capital of using this method versus the deduction method.

          Amended: July 2015
          Amended: April 2011
          Amended October 2010
          April 2008

        • PD-1.3.6

          [This Paragraph was deleted in July 2015.]

          Deleted: July 2015
          Amended October 2010
          April 2008

    • Financial Performance and Position

      • PD-1.3.7

        The following information should be included:

        (a) Discussion of the main factors that influenced the bank's financial performance for the year, explaining any differences in performance between the current year and previous years and the reasons for such differences, and discussing factors that will have a significant influence on the bank's future financial performance;
        (b) Basic quantitative indicators of financial performance (e.g. ROAE, ROAA, NIM, cost-to-income ratios) for the past 5 years;
        (c) A discussion of the impact of acquisitions of new businesses and discontinued business and unusual items; and
        (d) A discussion of any changes in the capital structure and their possible impact on earnings and dividends.
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

    • Corporate Governance and Transparency

      • PD-1.3.8

        The following information relating to corporate governance must be disclosed in the annual report:

        (a) Information about the Board structure (e.g. the size of the Board, Board committees, function of committees and membership showing executive, non-executive and independent members, number and names of independent board members), and the basic organisational structure (lines of business structure and legal entity structure);
        (b) Information about the profession, business title, and experience in years of each Board member and the qualifications and experience in years of all senior managers;
        (c) Descriptive information on the managerial structure, including:
        (i) Committees (see w) below for detailed disclosure requirements relating to various types of committees);
        (ii) Segregation of duties;
        (iii) Reporting lines; and
        (iv) Responsibilities;
        (d) Descriptive information on the performance-linked incentive structure for approved persons (including but not limited to remuneration policies, executive compensation and stock options);
        (e) Nature and extent of transactions with related parties (as defined by IFRS — see also PD-1.3.23(d));
        (f) Approval process for related party transactions;
        (g) Information about any changes in the structures (as mentioned in Subparagraphs PD-1.3.8(a) to PD-1.3.8(c) above) from prior periods;
        (h) The communications strategy approved by the Board (including the use of the bank's website) which should undertake to perform at least the following:
        (i) The disclosure of all relevant information to stakeholders on a timely basis in a timely manner; and
        (ii) The provision of at least the last five years of financial data on the bank's website;
        (i) Distribution of ownership of shares by nationality;
        (j) Directors' and senior managers' trading of the bank's shares during the year, on an individual basis;
        (k) Distribution of ownership of shares by directors and senior managers, on an individual basis;
        (l) Distribution of ownership of shares by size of shareholder;
        (m) Ownership of shares by government;
        (n) The Board's functions — rather than a general statement (which could be disclosed simply as the Board's legal obligations under various laws) the 'mandate' of the Board should be set out;
        (o) The types of material transactions that require Board approval;
        (p) [This Subparagraph was deleted in April 2016 and requirements are now included in Subparagraph (a)];
        (q) Board terms and start date for each term for each director;
        (r) What the board does to induct, educate and orient new directors;
        (s) Election system of directors and any termination arrangements;
        (t) [This Subparagraph was deleted in April 2016 and requirements moved to Subparagraph (w)];
        (u) [This Subparagraph was deleted in April 2016 and requirements moved to Subparagraph (w)];
        (v) Whether the board has adopted a written code of ethical business conduct, and if so the text of that code and a statement of how the board monitors compliance;
        (w) Minimum number of Board committee meetings compared with the actual dates and number of board and committee meetings, individual attendance of each director and the work of committees and any significant issues arising during the period;
        (x) [This subparagraph was deleted in April 2023];
        (y) Review of internal control processes and procedures;
        (z) Directors responsibility with regard to the preparation of financial statements;
        (aa) Board of Directors — whether or not the board, its committees and individual directors are regularly assessed with respect to their effectiveness and contribution;
        (bb) Bahraini conventional bank licensees must maintain a website. Overseas conventional bank licensees must provide a link on their website in Bahrain to the website of their parent bank;
        (cc) Aggregate remuneration paid to board members;
        (dd) Key features and objectives of the remuneration policy of the bank for board members and senior management as well as the frequency of review of the remuneration structure and the extent to which the policy is applicable to foreign subsidiaries and branches; and
        (ee) Aggregate remuneration paid to senior management.
        Amended: April 2023
        Amended: April 2016
        Amended: July 2015
        Amended: January 2014
        Amended: October 2012
        Amended: July 2012
        Amended: April 2012
        Amended: January 2012
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

      • PD-1.3.8A

        With regards to corporate governance, banks are subject to additional disclosure requirements on corporate governance, whereby such disclosure are for the benefit of shareholders (See Chapter PD-6).

        October 2010

    • Additional Disclosure Requirements Pertaining to Remuneration

      • PD-1.3.8B

        In addition to the remuneration related disclosure included under Paragraph PD-1.3.8, the following qualitative and quantitative information pertaining to remuneration practices and policies covering the following areas must be disclosed in the annual report:

        (a) The name, composition and mandate of the main body overseeing remuneration;
        (b) Whether external consultants advice has been sought and by whom in the bank and in what areas of the remuneration process the consultants have been involved;
        (c) The independence of remuneration for staff in risk management, internal audit, operations, financial controls, AML, internal shari a review/audit and compliance functions;
        (d) The risk adjustment methodologies;
        (e) The link between remuneration and performance;
        (f) The long-term performance measures (deferral, malus, clawback);
        (g) The types of remuneration (cash/equity, fixed/variable);
        (h) Whether the remuneration committee reviewed the bank s remuneration policy during the past year, and if so, an overview of any changes that were made;
        (i) A discussion of how the bank ensures that approved persons engaged in risk management, internal audit, operations, financial controls, AML, internal shari a review/audit and compliance functions are remunerated independently of the business units they oversee;
        (j) Description of the ways in which the current and future risks are taken into account in the remuneration processes. Disclosures must include:
        (i) An overview of the key risks that the bank takes into account when implementing remuneration measures;
        (ii) An overview of the nature and type of the key measures used to take account of these risks, including risks difficult to measure;
        (iii) A discussion on the ways in which these measures affect remuneration; and
        (iv) A discussion of how the nature and type of these measures have changed over the past year and reasons for the change, as well as the impact of changes on remuneration;
        (k) Description of the ways in which the bank seeks to link performance during a performance measurement period with levels of remuneration. Disclosures must include:
        (i) An overview of main performance metrics for bank, top-level business lines and individuals;
        (ii) A discussion of how amounts of individual remuneration are linked to bank-wide and individual performance; and
        (iii) A discussion of the measures the bank will in general implement to adjust remuneration in the event that performance metrics are weak1;
        (l) Description of the ways in which the bank seeks to adjust remuneration to take account of longer term performance. Disclosures must include:
        (i) A discussion of the bank s policy on deferral and vesting of variable remuneration and, if the fraction of variable remuneration that is deferred differs across employees or groups of employees, a description of the factors that determine the fraction and their relative importance; and
        (ii) A discussion of the bank s policy and criteria for adjusting deferred remuneration before vesting and after vesting through clawback arrangements;
        (m) Description of the different forms of variable remuneration that the bank utilises and the rationale for using these different forms. Disclosures must include:
        (i) An overview of the forms of variable remuneration offered (i.e. cash, shares and share-linked instruments and other forms2); and
        (ii) A discussion of the use of the different forms of variable remuneration and, if the mix of different forms of variable remuneration differs across employees or group of employees, a description of the factors that determine the mix and their relative importance;
        (n) Number of meetings held by the main body overseeing remuneration during the financial year and aggregate remuneration paid to its members;
        (o) Number and total amount of remuneration for approved persons and material risk takers for the financial year split into fixed and variable remuneration;
        (p) Number and total amount of variable remuneration awarded during the financial year, split into cash, shares and share-linked instruments and other;
        (q) Number and total amount of guaranteed bonuses awarded during the financial year;
        (r) Number and total amount of sign-on awards made during the financial year;
        (s) Number and total amount of severance payments made during the financial year, and highest such award to a single person;
        (t) Total amount of outstanding deferred remuneration, split into cash, shares and share-linked instruments and other forms; and
        (u) Total amount of deferred remuneration awarded during the financial year, paid out and reduced through performance adjustments.

        1 This should include the bank s criteria for determining weak performance metrics.

        2 A description of the elements corresponding to other forms of variable remuneration must be provided.

        Amended: July 2015
        Amended: April 2015
        Amended: July 2014
        Added: January 2014

      • PD-1.3.8C

        The disclosure of remuneration practices must cover approved persons and material risk-takers and must be broken down as follows:

        (a) Members of the board of directors;
        (b) Approved persons in business lines;
        (c) Approved persons in risk management, internal audit, operations, financial controls, internal Shari'a review/audit, AML and compliance functions; and
        (d) Material risk-takers not falling under categories (a) to (c).
        Amended: July 2014
        Added: January 2014

      • PD-1.3.8D

        Disclosure requirements for items under Subparagraph PD-1.3.8B (n) to (u) must be provided for the current as well as for the previous financial year.

        Added: January 2014

      • PD-1.3.8E

        Disclosure requirements for items under Subparagraph PD-1.3.8B (o) and (p) may be presented in a table format split between members of the Board and other approved persons, as well as material risk-takers.

        Added: January 2014

      • PD-1.3.8F

        For purposes of Paragraph PD-1.3.8E, the table referred to should be completed separately for:

        (a) Members of the board of directors;

        Total value of remuneration awards for the current fiscal year Unrestricted
        Fixed remuneration  
             •  Sitting Fees x
             •  Other (please specify) x
        (b) Approved persons in business lines;
        (c) Approved persons in risk management, internal audit, operation, financial controls, internal Shari'a review/audit, AML and compliance functions; and
        (d) Material risk-takers not falling under categories (a) to (c).


        Total value of remuneration awards for the current fiscal year Unrestricted Deferred
        Fixed remuneration    
             •  Cash-based x x
             •  Shares and share-linked instruments x x
             •  Other x x
        Variable remuneration    
             •  Cash-based x x
             •  Shares and share-linked instruments x x
             •  Other x x
        Amended: July 2014
        Added: January 2014

      • PD-1.3.8G

        In instances where a bank has no approved persons or material risk-takers whose remuneration is in excess of BD100,000 as per Paragraph HC-5.4.2, the disclosure requirements under Subparagraphs PD-1.3.8B(f), (g), (l), (m), (t) and (u) are not required.

        Added: July 2014

    • Capital Structure — Qualitative Disclosures

      • PD-1.3.9

        All banks must disclose on their website summary information on the terms and conditions of the main features of all outstanding regulatory capital instruments listed below in Paragraphs PD-1.3.10 and PD-1.3.11, including innovative, complex or hybrid capital instruments. Full details of the required disclosures are given in Appendix PD-3.

        Amended: July 2015
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

    • Capital Structure — Quantitative Disclosures

      • PD-1.3.10

        From 30th June 2015 until 31st December 2018, all banks must disclose with separate disclosures of individual items as detailed in Appendix PD-4 the following items:

        (a) The amount of Tier One Capital;
        (b) The amount of Tier Two Capital; and
        (c) Required capital ratios and buffers
        Amended: July 2015
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

      • PD-1.3.11

        From 1st January 2019, the disclosures referred to under Paragraph PD-1.3.10, must be made in accordance with Appendix PD-1.

        Amended: July 2015
        April 2008

      • PD-1.3.12

        From 30th June 2015, all banks must disclose a full reconciliation of all regulatory capital elements back to the balance sheet in the audited financial statements as required under Appendix PD-2.

        Amended: July 2015
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

      • PD-1.3.13

        [This Paragraph was deleted in July 2015.]

        Amended: July 2015
        April 2008

    • Capital Adequacy

      • PD-1.3.14

        All banks must present a summary discussion of the bank's approach to assessing the adequacy of capital to support current and future activities both on a risk-based capital basis (i.e. as in Chapters CA-1 and CA-2).

        Amended: July 2015
        April 2008

      • PD-1.3.15

        All banks must disclose the regulatory capital requirements for credit risk by the following categories:

        (a) Standard portfolios subject to the standardised approach, disclosed separately for each standard portfolio (see Paragraph PD-1.3.20); and
        (b) Securitisation exposures.
        Amended: July 2015
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

      • PD-1.3.16

        [This Paragraph has been left blank].

        Amended: July 2015
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

      • PD-1.3.17

        All banks must disclose their capital requirements for market risk under:

        (a) The standardised approach; or
        (b) The internal models approach (trading book) as applicable.
        Amended: July 2015
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

      • PD-1.3.18

        All banks must disclose their capital requirements for operational risk under:

        (a) The basic indicator approach; or
        (b) The standardised approach (as applicable).
        Amended: July 2015
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

      • PD-1.3.19

        All banks must disclose their total and Tier One Capital Ratios on the following basis:

        (a) For the top consolidated group in Bahrain; and
        (b) For all significant bank subsidiaries (i.e. whose regulatory capital amounts to over 5% of group consolidated regulatory capital whether on a stand-alone or sub-consolidated basis).
        Amended: July 2015
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

      • PD-1.3.20

        In Paragraphs PD-1.3.15 and PD-1.3.26, the expression "standard portfolio" refers to the major categories of credit portfolios (a to i below) identified in Sections CA-3.2, CA-3.3 and CA-5.2 (standardised approach only):

        (a) Sovereign portfolio (including claims on international organisations and claims on multilateral development banks (MDBs);
        (b) Public Sector Entities (PSEs) Portfolio;
        (c) Banks Portfolio (including claims on securities/investment business firms eligible for treatment as banks — such firms are not eligible for the concessionary risk weighting treatment for certain claims under 3 months maturity);
        (d) Corporate Portfolio;
        (e) Regulatory retail portfolio (including claims on small business eligible for 75% risk weight);
        (f) Residential Retail Portfolio (qualifying for 35% risk weight only); and
        (g) Equity portfolio (contains all equities held in the banking book. Portfolios a – f must not contain any holdings of equities. The equity portfolio contains all holdings of equities which are risk-weighted at 100% or 150% and which are not consolidated in or deducted from the Tier One and Two capital of the bank).
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

    • Risk: General Qualitative Disclosure Requirements

      • PD-1.3.21

        All banks must describe their risk management objectives and policies for each separate risk area below and provide information on whether or not strategies used have been effective throughout the reporting period. The strategies, processes and internal controls (including internal audit) must be described for each area below including the structure and organisation of the relevant risk management function, and the scope and nature of risk reporting systems and policies for hedging/mitigating risk and strategies for monitoring the continuing effectiveness of hedges/mitigants. There are also certain specific disclosures for each of these areas in addition to the general qualitative disclosures required by this Paragraph:

        (a) Credit Risk (see also PD-1.3.22 — PD-1.3.27);
        (b) Securitisation (see also PD-1.3.28 — PD-1.3.29);
        (c) Market Risk (see also PD-1.3.30 — PD-1.3.31);
        (d) Operational Risk (see also PD-1.3.32 — PD-1.3.33);
        (e) Equity Risk in the Banking Book (see also PD-1.3.34); and
        (f) Banking Book interest rate risk (see also PD-1.3.35).
        Amended: July 2013
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

    • Credit Risk — Qualitative Disclosures

      • PD-1.3.22

        All banks must make the general qualitative disclosures outlined in PD-1.3.21 above, as well as those below:

        (a) Definition of past due and impaired credit facilities (for accounting purposes);
        (b) Description of the approaches for specific and collective impairment provisions and statistical methods used (where applicable);
        (c) The names of External Credit Assessment Institutions (ECAIs) used for the purpose of assigning risk weights to assets;
        (d) The types of exposure for which each ECAI is used; and
        (e) The process used to transfer ECAI public issue ratings onto comparable (loan) assets in the banking book.
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

    • Credit Risk — Quantitative Disclosures

      • PD-1.3.23

        All banks must disclose the following:

        (a) Total gross credit exposures (gross outstanding before any risk mitigation) plus average gross exposures over the period broken down by major types of credit exposure (as outlined under IFRS) into funded and unfunded exposures. Where the period end position is representative of the risk positions of the bank during the period, average gross exposures need not be disclosed. Banks must state that average gross exposures have not been disclosed for this reason. Where average amounts are disclosed in accordance with an accounting standard or other requirement which specifies the calculation method to be used, that method should be followed. Otherwise, the average exposures should be calculated using the most frequent interval that an entity's systems generate for management, regulatory or other reasons, provided that the resulting averages are representative of the licensed bank's operations. The basis used for calculating averages needs to be stated;
        (b) Geographic distribution of exposures, broken down into significant areas by major types of credit exposure. Geographical areas may be individual countries, or groups of countries. Banks may define the geographical area according to how they manage the concerned areas internally. The criteria used to allocate exposures to particular geographical areas should be specified;
        (c) Distribution of exposures by industry or counterparty type, broken down by major types of credit exposure, broken down by funded and unfunded exposure;
        (d) Intra-group transactions including exposures to related parties, and whether such transactions have been made on an arm's length basis;
        (e) Lending to highly leveraged and other high risk counterparties (as defined in PD-1.3.24) must be separately disclosed as an individual category;
        (f) Banks must disclose concentrations of risk to individual counterparties where the exposure is in excess of the 15% individual obligor limit. These disclosures do not require the disclosure of the name of the counterparty;
        (g) Residual contractual maturity breakdown (see PD-1.3.24(a)) of the whole credit portfolio, broken down by major types of credit exposure;
        (h) By major industry or counterparty type:
        •   Amount of impaired loans/facilities and past due loans/facilities (see PD-1.3.24);
        •   Specific and collective impairment provisions (see PD-1.3.24);
        •   Charges for specific impairment provisions and charge-offs (write-offs) during the period; and
        •   Reconciliation of changes in provisions for loan impairment.
        (i) Amount of past due loans, separately broken down by significant geographic areas, including the amounts of specific and collective impairment provisions related to each geographical area (see PD-1.3.23(b) for definition of geographical area);
        (j) Aggregate quantitative information about all outstanding credit facilities at year end not included in h) above that have been restructured (according to the definition in the PIR instructions) during the period including:
        •   The balance of any restructured credit facilities;
        •   The magnitude of any restructuring activity;
        •   The impact of restructured credit facilities on provisions and present and future earnings; and
        •   The basic nature of concessions on all credit relationships that are restructured, including loans, derivatives and other on- and off-balance sheet activities.
        If full repayment is expected, the restructured credit need not be disclosed in this section after satisfactory performance for a period of six months in accordance with the modified terms; and
        (k) Quantitative information concerning obligations with respect to recourse transactions (i.e. where the asset has been sold, but the bank retains responsibility for repayment if the original counterparty defaults or fails to fulfil their obligations). Information must include the amount of assets sold and any expected losses.
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

      • PD-1.3.24

        For Paragraph PD-1.3.23, the following notes are provided for interpretative guidance:

        a) Banks must follow the residual maturity groupings currently followed under IFRS 7 (Guidance application B11), but they must also extend the periods to include 5-10 years, 10-20 years, and 20 years and over (where the banks have exposures or liabilities of such maturity);
        b) In PD-1.3.23(h), banks must provide an ageing of past due loans on the following basis:
        •   Ageing schedule (over 3 months, over 1 year and over 3 years) of past due loans and other assets; and
        •   Breakdown by relevant counterparty type and geographic area;
        c) For specific, collective and other impairment provisions, the portion of collective impairment provisions not allocated to specific geographical areas should be shown separately;
        d) The reconciliation of changes in provisions should show specific and collective impairment provisions separately; and
        e) "Highly leveraged and other high risk counterparties" follow the categorisation given in the Basel Committee Paper of March 2001, entitled "Review of issues relating to Highly Leveraged Institutions (HLIs)" which described HLIs as having the following characteristics:
        •   They are subject to little or no regulatory oversight;
        •   They are generally subject to very limited disclosure requirements and are not subject to rating by credit reference agencies; or
        •   HLIs often take on significant leverage, where leverage is the ratio between risk, expressed in some common denominator, and capital.
        Amended: January 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

    • Credit Risk Disclosures for Portfolios Subject to the FIRB Approach

      • PD-1.3.25

        [This Paragraph was deleted in July 2015.]

        Deleted: July 2015
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

    • Credit Risk Mitigation: Disclosure Requirements

      • PD-1.3.26

        (a) For credit Risk Mitigation, all banks must make the qualitative disclosures required by PD-1.3.21 and PD-1.3.22, and also the following disclosures (with regard to credit risk mitigation):
        (i) Policies and processes for, and an indication of the extent to which, the bank makes use of on- and off-balance sheet netting;
        (ii) Policies and processes for collateral valuation and management;
        (iii) A description of the main types of collateral taken by the bank;
        (iv) The main types of guarantor/credit derivative counterparty and their credit worthiness; and
        (v) Information about (market or credit) risk concentrations within the credit risk mitigation taken;
        (b) All Bahraini conventional bank licensees must disclose for each standard portfolio described in PD-1.3.20 or PD1.3.25(g), the total exposure (after on- or off-balance sheet netting) that is covered by eligible financial collateral after the application of haircuts;
        (c) All Bahraini conventional bank licensees must disclose the total exposure (after on- or off-balance sheet netting where applicable) that is covered by eligible guarantees or credit derivatives (see CA-4) for each separately disclosed standard portfolio (Standardised approach banks see PD-1.3.20); and
        (d) For exposures after risk mitigation subject to the standardised approach, banks must disclose the amount of exposure (rated and unrated) in each standard portfolio after risk mitigation, as well as any exposures which are deducted.
        Amended: July 2015
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

    • Disclosures Related to Counterparty Credit Risk (CCR)

      • PD-1.3.27

        All Bahraini conventional bank licensees must make the following disclosures regarding counterparty credit risk:

        (a) The general qualitative disclosures (PD-1.3.21 and PD-1.3.22) with respect to derivatives and CCR, including:
        •   Discussion of methodology used to assign economic capital and credit limits for counterparty credit exposures;
        •   Discussion of policies for securing collateral and establishing credit reserves; and
        •   Discussion of the impact of the amount of collateral the bank would have to provide if given a credit rating downgrade.
        (b) Gross positive fair value of contracts, netting benefits, netted current credit exposures, collateral held (including type: e.g. cash, government securities, etc.), and net derivatives credit exposure. Also measures for exposure at default or exposure amount under the Standard Method or Current Exposure Method, whichever is applicable, and the notional value of credit derivative hedges, and the distribution of current credit exposure by type of credit exposure (e.g. interest rate contracts, FX contracts, equity contracts, commodity contracts, etc.); and
        (c) Credit derivative transactions which create exposures to CCR (notional value), segregated between use for the institution's own credit portfolio, as well as in its intermediation activities, including the distribution of the credit derivative products used, broken down further by protection bought and sold within each product group.
        Amended: July 2015
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

    • Securitisation — Qualitative Disclosure Requirement

      • PD-1.3.28

        All Bahraini conventional bank licensees must disclose the following qualitative information with respect to securitisation activities:

        (a) The general qualitative disclosure requirement (PD-1.3.21) with respect to securitisation (including synthetics), including a discussion of:
        •   The bank s objectives in relation to its securitisation activities, including the extent to which these activities transfer credit risk of the underlying securitised exposures away from the bank to other parties, and including the type of risks assumed and retained with re-securitisation activity. For example, where a bank is particularly active in the market of a senior tranche of re-securitisations of mezzanine tranches related to securitisations of residential mortgages, it should describe the structure of re-securitisations (e.g. senior tranche of mezzanine tranche of residential mortgage); this description should be provided for the main categories of re-securitisation products in which the bank is active;
        •   The nature of other risks (e.g. liquidity risk) inherent in securitised assets;
        •   The roles played by the bank in the securitisation process (for example, is the bank the originator of the underlying risks, is it an investor, is it a servicer, is it a provider of credit enhancement, is it a sponsor of an asset-backed commercial paper facility, is it a liquidity provider, or is it a swap provider?) and an indication of the bank s involvement in each of them; and
        •   A description of the processes in place to monitor changes in the credit and the market risk of securitisation exposures (for example how the behaviour of the underlying assets impacts securitisation exposures) including how these processes differ for re-securitisation exposures;
        •   A description of the bank s policy governing the use of credit risk mitigation to mitigate the risks retained through securitisation and re-securitisation exposures; and
        •   The regulatory capital approaches (e.g. Ratings Based Approach, Internal Assessment Approach or Supervisory Formula Approach) that the bank follows in its securitisation activities, including the types of securitisation exposures to which each approach applies;
        (b) A list of:
        •   The types of SPVs that the bank, as a sponsor, uses to securitise third-party exposures. The bank must indicate whether it has exposure to these SPVs, either on or off-balance sheet;
        •   Affiliated entities that the bank manages or advises and that invest in the securitisation exposures that the bank has securitised or in SPVs that the bank sponsors.
        (c) A summary of the bank s accounting policies for securitisation activities, including:
        •   Whether transactions are treated as sales or financings;
        •   Recognition of gain on sale;
        •   Methods and key assumptions (including inputs) applied in valuing retained interests, including any changes since the last report and the impact of such changes differentiating between securitisation and re-securitisation exposures; and
        •   Changes in methods and key assumptions from the previous period and the impact of the changes;
        •   Treatment of synthetic securitisations if not covered by other accounting policies (e.g. derivatives);
        •   How exposures intended to be securitised (e.g. in subsidiary, associate or SPV or on balance sheet) are valued and whether they are recorded in the banking book or the trading book; and
        •   Policies for recognising liabilities on the balance sheet for arrangements that could require the bank to provide financial support for securitised assets;
        (d) In the banking book, the names of ECAIs used for securitisations and the type of securitisation exposure for which each agency is used.
        (e) Description of the IAA process. The description should include:
        •   Structure of the internal assessment process and relation between internal assessment and external ratings, including information on ECAIs referenced in PD-1.3.28(d) above;
        •   Use of internal assessments other than for IAA capital purposes;
        •   Control mechanisms for the internal assessment process including discussion of independence, accountability, and internal assessment process review;
        •   The exposure type (such as credit cards, home equity , auto and securitisation exposures detailed by underlying type and security type (e.g. RMBS, CMBS, ABS, CDOs) to which the internal assessment process is applied; and
        •   Stress factors used for determining credit enhancement levels, by exposure type (see above for description of "exposure type").
        (f) An explanation of significant changes to any of the quantitative information (e.g. amounts of assets intended to be securitised, movement of assets between banking book and trading book) since the last reporting date.
        Amended: July 2015
        Amended: January 2012
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

      • PD-1.3.28A

        Securitisation exposures include, but are not restricted to securities, liquidity facilities, protection provided to securitisation positions, other commitments and credit enhancements such as I/O strips, cash collateral accounts and other subordinated assets. A bank would generally be considered a sponsor if it, in fact or substance, manages or advises a securitisation programme, places securities into the market, or provides liquidity and/ or credit enhancements. The programme may include, for example, ABCP Conduit Programmes and structured investment vehicles. SPVs may include money market mutual funds, and personal and private trusts.

    • Securitisation — Quantitative Disclosure Requirement for Banking Book

      • PD-1.3.29

        All Bahraini conventional bank licensees must disclose the following quantitative information with respect to securitisation activities:

        (a) The total outstanding exposures securitised by the bank and subject to the securitisation framework (broken down into traditional and synthetic), by exposure type. These should be categorised under bands such as credit cards, home equity, etc. Also banks must separately report any securitisation transactions for the year of inception where they do not retain any exposure. Banks should also clearly identify securitisations where they are acting purely as sponsors;
        (b) Securitisations broken down by exposure type showing:
        •   The amount of impaired or past due assets securitised; and
        •   Losses recognised by the bank during the current period by exposure type;
        (c) The total amount of outstanding exposures intended to be securitised, by exposure type. The aggregate amount of securitisation exposures retained or purchased, broken down by exposure type;
        (d) Summary of current year's securitisation activity, including the amount of exposures securitised (by exposure type) and recognised gain or loss on sale by asset type;
        (e) Aggregate amount of:
        •   On- balance sheet securitisation exposures retained or purchased broken down by exposure type; and
        •   Off- balance sheet securitisation exposures broken down by exposure type;
        (f) •   Aggregate amount of securitisation exposures retained or purchased and the associated capital charges, broken down between securitisation and re-securitisation exposures and further broken down into a meaningful number of risk weight bands for each regulatory capital approach used (e.g. SA, RBA, IAA and SFA);
        •   Exposures that have been deducted entirely from Tier 1 capital, credit enhancing I/Os deducted from total capital, and other exposures deducted from total capital should be disclosed separately by exposure type;
        (g) For securitisations subject to the early amortisation treatment, the following items should be disclosed by underlying asset type:
        •   The aggregate drawn exposures attributed to the seller's and investors' interests;
        •   The aggregate (standardised) capital charges incurred by the bank against its retained shares of the drawn balances and undrawn lines; and
        •   The aggregate (standardised) capital charges incurred by the bank against the investors. shares of drawn balances and undrawn lines; and
        (h) Aggregate amount of re-securitisation exposures retained or purchased broken down according to:
        •  Exposures to which credit risk mitigation is applied and those not applied; and
        •   Exposures to guarantors broken down according to guarantor credit worthiness categories or guarantor name.
        Amended: July 2015
        Amended: January 2012
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

    • Securitisation – Quantitative Disclosure for Trading Book

      • PD-1.3.29A

        (a) The total amount of outstanding exposures securitised by the bank and defined under the securitisation framework (broken down into traditional/synthetic) by exposure type, separately for securitisations of third-party exposures for which the bank acts only as sponsor;
        (b) The total amount of outstanding exposures intended to be securitised broken down by exposure type;
        (c) Summary of current period's securitisation activity, including the total amount of exposures securitised (by exposure type), and recognised gain or loss on sale by exposure type;
        (d) Aggregate amount of exposures securitised by the bank for which the bank has retained some exposures and which is subject to the market risk approach (broken down into traditional/synthetic), by exposure type;
        (e) Aggregate amount of:
        •   On-balance sheet securitisation exposures retained or purchased broken down by exposure type; and
        •   Off-balance sheet securitisation exposures broken down by exposure type;
        (f) Aggregate amount of securitisation exposures retained or purchased separately for:
        •   Securitisation exposures retained or purchased subject to Comprehensive Risk Measure for specific risk; and
        •   Securitisation exposures subject to the securitisation framework for specific risk broken down into a meaningful number of risk weight bands for each regulatory capital approach (e.g. SA, RBA, SFA and concentration ratio approach).
        (g) Aggregate amount of:
        •   The capital requirements for the securitisation exposures subject to Comprehensive Risk Measure, broken down into appropriate risk classifications (e.g. default risk, migration risk and correlation risk).
        •   The capital requirements for the securitisation exposures (re-securitisation or securitisation), subject to the securitisation framework broken down into a meaningful number of risk weight bands for each regulatory capital approach (e.g. SA, RBA, SFA and concentration ratio approach).
        •   Securitisation exposures that are deducted entirely from Tier 1 capital, credit enhancing I/Os deducted from total capital, and other exposures deducted from total capital should be disclosed separately by exposure type.
        (h) For securitisations subject to the early amortisation treatment, the following items by exposure type for securitised facilities:
        •   The aggregate drawn exposures attributed to the seller's and investors' interests;
        •   The aggregate capital charges incurred by the bank against its retained (i.e. the seller's) shares of the drawn balances and undrawn lines; and
        •   The aggregate capital charges incurred by the bank against the investor's shares of drawn balances and undrawn lines.
        (i) Aggregate amount of re-securitisation exposures retained or purchased broken down according to:
        •   Exposures to which credit risk mitigation is applied and those not applied; and
        •   Exposures to guarantors broken down according to guarantor credit worthiness categories or guarantor name.
        Amended: July 2015
        Added: January 2012

    • Market Risk Disclosures for Banks using the Standardised Approach

      • PD-1.3.30

        Banks using the standardised approach must disclose the following items:

        (a) The general qualitative disclosure requirements for market risk (PD-1.3.21), identifying the portfolios covered by the standardised approach;
        (b) The capital requirements for:
        •   Interest rate risk (separate disclosures are required for securitisation exposures in PD-1.3.29 and PD-1.3.29A);
        •   Equity position risk;
        •   Foreign exchange risk; and
        •   Commodity risk;
        on an end period basis, as well as showing the maximum and minimum values during the period for each category of market risk shown above; and
        (c) The disclosures under PD-1.3.30 (b) above must be followed by detailed quantitative information about the nature and extent of interest-rate sensitive assets and liabilities and off-balance sheet exposures (e.g. breakdown of fixed and floating rate items and the net interest margin earned, and the duration and effective interest rate of assets and liabilities). These disclosures should be by each portfolio identified in PD-1.3.30 (a), showing their related gains and losses. Also, the effect on the value of assets, liabilities and capital for a 200bp change in interest rates should be disclosed.
        Amended: July 2015
        Amended: January 2012
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

    • Market Risk Disclosures for Banks Using the Internal Models Approach (IMA) for Trading Portfolios

      • PD-1.3.31

        All banks using internal models for their trading portfolios must disclose the following:

        (a) The general qualitative disclosure requirement (PD-1.3.21) for market risk identifying the portfolios covered by the IMA. In addition, a discussion of the extent of, and methodologies for, compliance with the "Prudent valuation guidance" for positions held in the trading book (see Section CA-8.2);
        (b) An explanation and articulation of the internal criteria on which the bank's internal capital adequacy assessment is based. It should include a description of the methodologies used to achieve a capital adequacy assessment that is consistent with the soundness standards;
        (c)
        •   A description of the models used for each portfolio covered by the IMA, including assumptions used in calculating (e.g. confidence level, holding period, etc.);
        •   A description of stress testing applied to each IMA portfolio; and
        •   A description of the approach used for back-testing/validating the accuracy and consistency of the internal models and modelling processes;
        (d) A disclosure of the scope of model acceptance by the CBB;
        (e) For the incremental risk capital charge and the comprehensive risk capital charge the methodologies used and the risks measured through the use of internal models. Included in the qualitative description should be:
        • The approach used by the bank to determine liquidity horizons;
        • The methodologies used to achieve a capital assessment that is consistent with the required soundness standard; and
        • The approaches used in the validation of the models;
        (f) Summarised quantitative information about price-related market risk to equity and commodity markets where banks use the IMA. These disclosures should include the magnitude of the exposure on a weekly or monthly basis (during the reporting period);
        (g) For trading portfolios under the IMA:
        •   The high, mean and low VaR values over the reporting period and period-end;
        •   The high, mean and low stressed VaR values over the reporting period and period-end;
        •   The high, mean and low incremental and comprehensive risk capital charges over the reporting period and period-end; and
        •   A comparison of VaR estimates with actual gains/losses experienced by the bank, with analysis of important "outliers" in back-test results;
        (h) A presentation of the overall daily profits or exposures for aggregate market risk over the reporting period. At an absolute minimum, summarised aggregate quantitative information relating to monthly VaR results should be presented, giving an overview of the extent of market risk-related activities;
        (i) Information showing the actual performance of the VaR models for the period, giving the number of times actual losses exceeded VaR estimates; and
        (j) Summarised quantitative information for significant concentrations of foreign exchange exposure by currency, broken down by hedged and unhedged exposures.
        Amended: July 2015
        Amended: January 2012
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

    • Operational Risk Disclosures

      • PD-1.3.32

        All banks must disclose the general qualitative disclosures (PD-1.3.21) and also the approach(es) for operational risk which the bank employs to control such risk, and disclosures of any issues considered to be individually significant.

        April 2008

    • Operational Risk Qualitative Disclosures

      • PD-1.3.33

        The following additional qualitative disclosures (to Paragraph PD-1.3.21) should be made for operational risk:

        (a) Policies to incorporate operational risk measures into the management framework — for example budgeting, target-setting, and performance review and compliance;
        (b) Policies and processes:
        (i) To help track loss events and potential exposures;
        (ii) To report to these losses, indicators and scenarios on a regular basis; and
        (iii) To review the reports jointly by risk and line managers;
        (c) Policies on the loss mitigation process via contingency planning, business continuity planning, staff training and enhancement of internal controls, as well as business processes and infrastructures; and
        (d) A statement of how banks manage and control operational risks arising from pending legal actions.
        Amended: April 2016
        April 2008

    • Operational Risk Quantitative Disclosures

      • PD-1.3.33A

        The following quantitative disclosures should be made for operational risk:

        (a) The calculation of the capital charge or RWA equivalent for operational risk;
        (b) Indicators of operational risk exposures, such as gross income; and
        (c) Material legal contingencies including pending legal actions and a discussion and estimate of the potential liabilities.
        Added: April 2016

    • Disclosure Requirements for Equity Positions in the Banking Book

      • PD-1.3.34

        All banks must make the following disclosures for any equities held in the Banking Book:

        (a) The general qualitative disclosure requirement (PD-1.3.21) with respect to equity risk, including:
        •   Differentiation between holdings on which capital gains are expected and those taken under other objectives including for relationship and strategic reasons; and
        •   Discussion of important policies covering the valuation and accounting of equity holdings in the banking book. This includes the accounting policies and valuation methodologies used, including key assumptions and practices affecting valuation as well as significant changes in these practices;
        (b) The types and nature of investments, including the amount that can be classified as quoted on an active market or privately held;
        (c) The cumulative realised gains (or losses) arising from sales or liquidations in the reporting period;
        (d) Total unrealised gains and losses recognised in the balance sheet but not through the P&L;
        (e) Any unrealised gains and losses included in Tier One and Tier Two capital; and
        (f) Capital requirements broken down by appropriate equity groupings, consistent with the methodology, as well as the aggregate amounts and type of equity investments subject to any supervisory transition or grandfathering provisions regarding regulatory capital requirement.
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

    • Disclosures Concerning Interest Rate Risk in the Banking Book (IRRBB)

      • PD-1.3.35

        All banks must make the following disclosures concerning interest rate risk in the banking book:

        (a) The general qualitative disclosure requirement (PD-1.3.21), outlining the nature of IRRBB and key assumptions, including assumptions concerning loan prepayments and the behaviour of deposits without a fixed maturity, and the frequency of IRRBB measurement; and
        (b) The increase (or decline) in earnings or economic value (or relevant measure used by management) for upward and downward rate shocks according to management's method for measuring IRRBB, broken down by currency (where applicable).
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

    • Compliance

      • PD-1.3.36

        The Annual Report must include a declaration by the external auditor that it did not come across any violations of the requirements below during the course of its audit work that would have any material negative impact on the financial position of the bank:

        (a) The Bahrain Commercial Companies Law (as amended);
        (b) The CBB Law where a violation might have had a material negative effect on the business of the bank or on its financial position;
        (c) The Regulations and Directives issued by the CBB, including Volume 6 (Capital Markets); and
        (d) The Rulebook of the licensed exchange and associated Resolutions, Rules and Procedures.
        Amended: July 2013
        Amended: January 2012
        Amended: October 2011
        Amended: April 2011
        Amended: January 2011
        Amended October 2010
        April 2008

      • PD-1.3.37

        The Annual Report must disclose the amount of any penalties paid to the CBB during the period of the report together with a factual description of the reason(s) given by the CBB for the penalty (see Section EN-1.3). Bahraini conventional bank licensees which fail to comply with this requirement will be required to make the disclosure in the annual report of the subsequent year and will be subject to an enforcement action for non-disclosure.

        Amended: October 2019
        Amended: October 2010
        April 2008